Radio

Radio is the use of radio waves is to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating some property of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.

Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate (change) some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation (which can be frequency modulation or phase modulation). Radio systems also need an antenna to convert electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. An antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual stations to be selected. The electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna. A radio receiver receives its input from an antenna and converts it into a form usable for the consumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data, measurement values, navigational positions, etc. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although commercially important uses of radio use only a small part of this spectrum.

Samara

Samara may refer to:

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List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas (1–99)

Farm to Market Roads in Texas are owned and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).

FM 1

Farm to Market Road 1 (FM 1) was the first farm-to-market road to be designated in Texas, at the request of local industry for a paved road. The 18.6-mile (29.9 km) road provides access to rural areas of East Texas from U.S. Highway 96.

FM 2

Farm to Market Road 2 is a farm to market road in rural southeastern Grimes County, Texas. FM 2 was designated on July 29, 1941.

FM 2 begins in the village of Courtney, at a county road near the Washington County line. It runs along the northeastern edge of the TDCJ O.L. Luther Prison Unit. It then continues through rural farmland in Grimes County. It then travels east, crossing SH 6 and passing several prison farms before ending at FM 362.

FM 2 was designated in 1941 from Courtney east to SH 6. The designation was extended to FM 362 on May 2, 1962, which added approximately 4.4 miles to FM 2.

FM 3

Farm to Market Road 3 is a farm to market road in southwestern Leon County, Texas. FM 3 was designated in March 1942.

FM broadcasting

FM broadcasting is a VHF broadcasting technology, pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong, which uses frequency modulation (FM) to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. The term "FM band" describes the frequency band in a given country which is dedicated to FM broadcasting. This term is slightly misleading, as it equates a modulation method within a range of frequencies.

Broadcast bands

Throughout the world, the FM broadcast band falls within the VHF part of the radio spectrum. Usually 87.5 to 108.0 MHz is used, or some portion thereof, with few exceptions:

The frequency of an FM broadcast station (more strictly its assigned nominal center frequency) is usually an exact multiple of 100 kHz. In most of South Korea, the Americas, the Philippines and the Caribbean, only odd multiples are used. In some parts of Europe, Greenland and Africa, only even multiples are used. In the UK odd or even are used. In Italy, multiples of 50 kHz are used. There are other unusual and obsolete standards in some countries, including 0.001, 0.01, 0.03, 0.074, 0.5, and 0.3 MHz. However, to minimise cross-channel interference, stations operating from the same or geographically close transmitters tend to keep to at least a 0.5 MHz frequency separation even when closer spacing is technically permitted, with closer tunings reserved for more distantly spaced transmitters as potentially interfering signals are already more attenuated and so have less effect on neighbouring frequencies. RCA stereo models use multiples of 0.2 MHz, starting at 87.50 and ending at 107.90.